Urbanization is rapidly overtaking China and India, the two most populous countries in the world. One-sixth of humanity now lives in either a Chinese or Indian city. This transformation has unleashed enormous pressures on land use, housing, and the environment. Despite the stakes, the workings of urban governance in China and India remain obscure and poorly understood. Xuefei Ren will talk about her book Governing the Urban in China and India (Princeton University Press, 2020), and discuss how the different styles of governance in the two countries have produced inequality and exclusion.